Copyright © 1999–2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -
--- - - -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no -Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual”, -and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. -
-(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and -modify this GNU manual.” -
-Next: Installation, Previous: Ada Mode, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-The Emacs mode for programming in Ada helps the user in understanding -existing code and facilitates writing new code. -
-When the GNU Ada compiler GNAT is used, the cross-reference -information output by the compiler is used to provide powerful code -navigation (jump to definition, find all uses, etc.). -
-When you open a file with a file extension of .ads or -.adb, Emacs will automatically load and activate Ada mode. -
-Ada mode works without any customization, if you are using the GNAT -compiler (https://libre2.adacore.com/) and the GNAT default -naming convention. -
-You must customize a few things if you are using a different compiler -or file naming convention; See Other compiler, See Non-standard file names. -
-In addition, you may want to customize the indentation, -capitalization, and other things; See Other customization. -
-Finally, for large Ada projects, you will want to set up an Emacs -Ada mode project file for each project; See Project files. Note -that these are different from the GNAT project files used by gnatmake -and other GNAT commands. -
-See the Emacs info manual, section ’Running Debuggers Under Emacs’, -for general information on debugging. -
--Next: Customizing Ada mode, Previous: Overview, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Ada mode is part of the standard Emacs distribution; if you use that, -no files need to be installed. -
-Ada mode is also available as a separate distribution, from the Emacs -Ada mode website -http://stephe-leake.org/emacs/ada-mode/emacs-ada-mode.html. The -separate distribution may be more recent. -
-For installing the separate distribution, see the README file -in the distribution. -
-To see what version of Ada mode you have installed, do M-x -ada-mode-version. -
-The following files are provided with the Ada mode distribution: -
--Next: Compiling Executing, Previous: Installation, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Here we assume you are familiar with setting variables in Emacs, -either thru ’customize’ or in elisp (in your .emacs file). For -a basic introduction to customize, elisp, and Emacs in general, see -the tutorial in -The GNU Emacs Manual. -
-These global Emacs settings are strongly recommended (put them in your -.emacs): -
-(global-font-lock-mode t) -(transient-mark-mode t) -
‘(global-font-lock-mode t)’ turns on syntax -highlighting for all buffers (it is off by default because it may be -too slow for some machines). -
-‘(transient-mark-mode t)’ highlights selected text. -
-See the Emacs help for each of these variables for more information. -
- - --Next: Other compiler, Up: Customizing Ada mode [Contents][Index]
-By default, Ada mode is configured to use the GNAT file naming -convention, where file names are a simple modification of the Ada -names, and the extension for specs and bodies are -‘.ads’ and ‘.adb’, respectively. -
-Ada mode uses the file extensions to allow moving from a package body -to the corresponding spec and back. -
-Ada mode supports a list of alternative file extensions for specs and bodies. -
-For instance, if your spec and bodies files are called -unit_s.ada and unit_b.ada, respectively, you -can add the following to your .emacs file: -
-(ada-add-extensions "_s.ada" "_b.ada") -
You can define additional extensions: -
-(ada-add-extensions ".ads" "_b.ada") -(ada-add-extensions ".ads" ".body") -
This means that whenever Ada mode looks for the body for a file -whose extension is .ads, it will take the first available file -that ends with either .adb, _b.ada or -.body. -
-Similarly, if Ada mode is looking for a spec, it will look for -.ads or _s.ada. -
-If the filename is not derived from the Ada name following the GNAT
-convention, things are a little more complicated. You then need to
-rewrite the function ada-make-filename-from-adaname. Doing that
-is beyond the scope of this manual; see the current definitions in
-ada-mode.el and ada-xref.el for examples.
-
-Next: Other customization, Previous: Non-standard file names, Up: Customizing Ada mode [Contents][Index]
-By default, Ada mode is configured to use the GNU Ada compiler GNAT. -
-To use a different Ada compiler, you must specify the command lines -used to run that compiler, either in lisp variables or in Emacs -Ada mode project files. See Project file variables for the list -of project variables, and the corresponding lisp variables. -
--Previous: Other compiler, Up: Customizing Ada mode [Contents][Index]
-All user-settable Ada mode variables can be set via the menu -‘Ada | Customize’. Click on the ‘Help’ button there for help -on using customize. -
-To modify a specific variable, you can directly call the function
-customize-variable; just type M-x customize-variable
-RET variable-name RET).
-
Alternately, you can specify variable settings in the Emacs -configuration file, .emacs. This file is coded in Emacs lisp, -and the syntax to set a variable is the following: -
(setq variable-name value) -
-Next: Project files, Previous: Customizing Ada mode, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Ada projects can be compiled, linked, and executed using commands on -the Ada menu. All of these commands can be customized via a project -file (see Project files), but the defaults are sufficient for using -the GNAT compiler for simple projects (single files, or several files -in a single directory). -
-Even when no project file is used, the GUI project editor (menu -‘Ada | Project | Edit’) shows the settings of the various project -file variables referenced here. -
- - --Next: Compiler errors, Up: Compiling Executing [Contents][Index]
-Here are the commands for building and using an Ada project, as -listed in the Ada menu. -
-In multi-file projects, there must be one file that is the main
-program. That is given by the main project file variable;
-it defaults to the current file if not yet set, but is also set by the
-“set main and build” command.
-
Check fileCompiles the current file in syntax check mode, by running
-check_cmd defined in the current project file. This typically
-runs faster than full compile mode, speeding up finding and fixing
-compilation errors.
-
This sets main only if it has not been set yet.
-
Compile fileCompiles the current file, by running comp_cmd from the current
-project file.
-
This does not set main.
-
Set main and BuildSets main to the current file, then executes the Build
-command.
-
Show mainDisplay main in the message buffer.
-
BuildCompiles all obsolete units of the current main, and links
-main, by running make_cmd from the current project.
-
This sets main only if it has not been set yet.
-
RunExecutes the main program in a shell, displayed in a separate Emacs
-buffer. This runs run_cmd from the current project. The
-execution buffer allows for interactive input/output.
-
To modify the run command, in particular to provide or change the -command line arguments, type C-u before invoking the command. -
-This command is not available for a cross-compilation toolchain. -
-It is important when using these commands to understand how
-main is used and changed.
-
Build runs ’gnatmake’ on the main unit. During a typical edit/compile -session, this is the only command you need to invoke, which is why it -is bound to C-c C-c. It will compile all files needed by the -main unit, and display compilation errors in any of them. -
-Note that Build can be invoked from any Ada buffer; typically you will -be fixing errors in files other than the main, but you don’t have to -switch back to the main to invoke the compiler again. -
-Novices and students typically work on single-file Ada projects. In -this case, C-c C-m will normally be the only command needed; it -will build the current file, rather than the last-built main. -
-There are three ways to change main:
-
main to
-the current file.
-
-main and
-main, and click ‘[save]’
-
-main
-
--Previous: Compile commands, Up: Compiling Executing [Contents][Index]
-The Check file, Compile file, and Build commands
-all place compilation errors in a separate buffer named
-*compilation*.
-
Each line in this buffer will become active: you can simply click on -it with the middle button of the mouse, or move point to it and press -RET. Emacs will then display the relevant source file and put -point on the line and column where the error was found. -
-You can also press the C-x ` key (next-error), and Emacs
-will jump to the first error. If you press that key again, it will
-move you to the second error, and so on.
-
Some error messages might also include references to other files. These -references are also clickable in the same way, or put point after the -line number and press RET. -
--Next: Compiling Examples, Previous: Compiling Executing, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-An Emacs Ada mode project file specifies what directories hold sources -for your project, and allows you to customize the compilation commands -and other things on a per-project basis. -
-Note that Ada mode project files *.adp are different than GNAT -compiler project files *.gpr. However, Emacs Ada mode can use a -GNAT project file to specify the project directories. If no -other customization is needed, a GNAT project file can be used without -an Emacs Ada mode project file. -
- - --Next: GUI Editor, Up: Project files [Contents][Index]
-Project files have a simple syntax; they may be edited directly. Each -line specifies a project variable name and its value, separated by “=”: -
src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_1 -src_dir=/Projects/my_project/src_2 -
Some variables (like src_dir) are lists; multiple occurrences
-are concatenated.
-
There must be no space between the variable name and “=”, and no -trailing spaces. -
-Alternately, a GUI editor for project files is available (see GUI Editor). It uses Emacs widgets, similar to Emacs customize. -
-The GUI editor also provides a convenient way to view current project -settings, if they have been modified using menu commands rather than -by editing the project file. -
-After the first Ada mode build command is invoked, there is always a
-current project file, given by the lisp variable
-ada-prj-default-project-file. Currently, the only way to show
-the current project file is to invoke the GUI editor.
-
To find the project file the first time, Ada mode uses the following -search algorithm: -
-ada-prj-default-project-file is set, use that.
-
-ada-prj-file-extension (default ".adp").
-
-This algorithm always sets ada-prj-default-project-file, even
-when the file does not actually exist.
-
To change the project file before or after the first one is found, -invoke ‘Ada | Project | Load ...’. -
-Or, in lisp, evaluate (ada-set-default-project-file "/path/file.adp").
-This sets ada-prj-default-project-file, and reads the project file.
-
You can also specify a GNAT project file to ‘Ada | Project | Load
-...’ or ada-set-default-project-file. Emacs Ada mode checks the
-file extension; if it is .gpr, the file is treated as a GNAT
-project file. Any other extension is treated as an Emacs Ada mode
-project file.
-
-Next: Project file variables, Previous: Project File Overview, Up: Project files [Contents][Index]
-The project file editor is invoked with the menu ‘Ada | Projects -| Edit’. -
-Once in the buffer for editing the project file, you can save your -modification using the ‘[save]’ button at the bottom of the -buffer, or the C-x C-s binding. To cancel your modifications, -kill the buffer or click on the ‘[cancel]’ button. -
--Previous: GUI Editor, Up: Project files [Contents][Index]
-The following variables can be defined in a project file; some can -also be defined in lisp variables. -
-To set a project variable that is a list, specify each element of the -list on a separate line in the project file. -
-Any project variable can be referenced in other project variables,
-using a shell-like notation. For instance, if the variable
-comp_cmd contains ${comp_opt}, the value of the
-comp_opt variable will be substituted when comp_cmd is
-used.
-
In addition, process environment variables can be referenced using the
-same syntax, or the normal $var syntax.
-
Most project variables have defaults that can be changed by setting -lisp variables; the table below identifies the lisp variable for each -project variable. Lisp variables corresponding to project variables -that are lists are lisp lists. -
-In general, project variables are evaluated when referenced in
-Emacs Ada mode commands. Relative file paths are expanded to
-absolute relative to ${build_dir}.
-
Here is the list of variables. In the default values, the current
-directory "." is the project file directory.
-
ada_project_path_sep [default: ":" or ";"]Path separator for ADA_PROJECT_PATH. It defaults to the correct
-value for a native implementation of GNAT for the current operating
-system. The user must override this when using Windows native GNAT
-with Cygwin Emacs, and perhaps in other cases.
-
Lisp variable: ada-prj-ada-project-path-sep.
-
ada_project_path [default: ""]A list of directories to search for GNAT project files. -
-If set, the ADA_PROJECT_PATH process environment variable is
-set to this value in the Emacs process when the Emacs Ada mode project
-is selected via menu ‘Ada | Project | Load’.
-
For ada_project_path, relative file paths are expanded to
-absolute when the Emacs Ada project file is read, rather than when the
-project file is selected.
-
For example if the project file is in the directory
-/home/myproject, the environment variable GDS_ROOT is
-set to /home/shared, and the project file contains:
-
ada_project_path_sep=: -ada_project_path=$GDS_ROOT/makerules -ada_project_path=../opentoken -
then as a result the environment variable ADA_PROJECT_PATH will
-be set to "/home/shared/makerules:/home/opentoken/".
-
The default value is not the current value of this environment -variable, because that will typically have been set by another -project, and will therefore be incorrect for this project. -
-If you have the environment variable set correctly for all of your -projects, you do not need to set this project variable. -
-bind_opt [default: ""]Holds user binder options; used in the default build commands. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-bind-opt.
-
build_dir [default: "."]The compile commands will be issued in this directory. -
-casing [default: ("~/.emacs_case_exceptions")]List of files containing casing exceptions. See the help on
-ada-case-exception-file for more info.
-
Lisp variable: ada-case-exception-file.
-
check_cmd [default: "${cross_prefix}gnatmake -u -c -gnatc ${gnatmake_opt} ${full_current} -cargs ${comp_opt}"]Command used to syntax check a single file.
-The name of the file is substituted for full_current.
-
Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-check-cmd
-
comp_cmd [default: "${cross_prefix}gnatmake -u -c ${gnatmake_opt} ${full_current} -cargs ${comp_opt}"]Command used to compile a single file.
-The name of the file is substituted for full_current.
-
Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-comp-cmd.
-
comp_opt [default: "-gnatq -gnatQ"]Holds user compiler options; used in the default compile commands. The -default value tells gnatmake to generate library files for -cross-referencing even when there are errors. -
-If source code for the project is in multiple directories, the -appropriate compiler options must be added here. Set source search path for examples of this. Alternately, GNAT project files may -be used; Use GNAT project file. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-comp-opt.
-
cross_prefix [default: ""]Name of target machine in a cross-compilation environment. Used in -default compile and build commands. -
-debug_cmd [default: "${cross_prefix}gdb ${main}"]Command used to debug the application -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-debugger.
-
debug_post_cmd [default: ""]Command executed after debug_cmd.
-
debug_pre_cmd [default: "cd ${build_dir}"]Command executed before debug_cmd.
-
gnatfind_opt [default: "-rf"]Holds user gnatfind options; used in the default find commands. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-gnatfind-switches.
-
gnatmake_opt [default: "-g"]Holds user gnatmake options; used in the default build commands. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-gnatmake-opt.
-
gpr_file [default: ""]Specify GNAT project file. -
-If set, the source and object directories specified in the GNAT
-project file are appended to src_dir and obj_dir. This
-allows specifying Ada source directories with a GNAT project file, and
-other source directories with the Emacs project file.
-
In addition, -P{gpr_file} is added to the project variable
-gnatmake_opt whenever it is referenced. With the default
-project variables, this passes the project file to all gnatmake
-commands.
-
Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-gpr-file.
-
link_opt [default: ""]Holds user linker options; used in the default build commands. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-link-opt.
-
main [default: current file]Specifies the name of the executable file for the project; used in the -default build commands. -
-make_cmd [default: "${cross_prefix}gnatmake -o ${main} ${main} ${gnatmake_opt} -cargs ${comp_opt} -bargs ${bind_opt} -largs ${link_opt}"]Command used to build the application. -
-Lisp variable: ada-prj-default-make-cmd.
-
obj_dir [default: "."]A list of directories to search for library files. Ada mode searches -this list for the ‘.ali’ files generated by GNAT that contain -cross-reference information. -
-The compiler commands must place the ‘.ali’ files in one of these -directories; the default commands do that. -
-remote_machine [default: ""]Name of the machine to log into before issuing the compile and build -commands. If this variable is empty, the command will be run on the -local machine. -
-run_cmd [default: "./${main}"]Command used to run the application. -
-src_dir [default: "."]A list of directories to search for source files, both for compile -commands and source navigation. -
--Next: Moving Through Ada Code, Previous: Project files, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-We present several small projects, and walk thru the process of -compiling, linking, and running them. -
-The first example illustrates more Ada mode features than the others; -you should work thru that example before doing the others. -
-All of these examples assume you are using GNAT. -
-The source for these examples is available on the Emacs Ada mode -website mentioned in See Installation. -
- --Next: Set compiler options, Up: Compiling Examples [Contents][Index]
-This example uses no project files. -
-First, create a directory Example_1, containing: -
-hello.adb: -
-with Ada.Text_IO;
-procedure Hello
-is begin
- Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb");
-end Hello;
-Yes, this is missing “use Ada.Text_IO;” - we want to demonstrate -compiler error handling. -
-hello_2.adb: -
-with Hello_Pkg; -procedure Hello_2 -is begin - Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello; -end Hello_2; -
This file has no errors. -
-hello_pkg.ads: -
-package Hello_Pkg is - procedure Say_Hello; -end Hello_Pkg; -
This file has no errors. -
-hello_pkg.adb: -
-with Ada.Text_IO;
-package Hello_Pkg is
- procedure Say_Hello
- is begin
- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb");
- end Say_Hello;
-end Hello_Pkg;
-Yes, this is missing the keyword body; another compiler error
-example.
-
In buffer hello.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Check file’. You should -get a *compilation* buffer containing something like (the -directory paths will be different): -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatmake -u -c -gnatc -g c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -gcc -c -Ic:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatc -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb -hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible -hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 -hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 -gnatmake: "c:/Examples/Example_1/hello.adb" compilation error -
If you have enabled font-lock, the lines with actual errors (starting -with hello.adb) are highlighted, with the file name in red. -
-Now type C-x ` (on a PC keyboard, ` is next to 1). -Or you can click the middle mouse button on the first error line. The -compilation buffer scrolls to put the first error on the top line, and -point is put at the place of the error in the hello.adb buffer. -
-To fix the error, change the line to be -
- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("hello from hello.adb");
-Now invoke ‘Ada | Show main’; this displays ‘Ada mode main: hello’. -
-Now (in buffer hello.adb), invoke ‘Ada | Build’. You are -prompted to save the file (if you haven’t already). Then the -compilation buffer is displayed again, containing: -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello.adb -gnatbind -x hello.ali -gnatlink hello.ali -o hello.exe -g -
The compilation has succeeded without errors; hello.exe now -exists in the same directory as hello.adb. -
-Now invoke ‘Ada | Run’. A *run* buffer is displayed, -containing -
-Hello from hello.adb - -Process run finished -
That completes the first part of this example. -
-Now we will compile a multi-file project. Open the file -hello_2.adb, and invoke ‘Ada | Set main and Build’. This -finds an error in hello_pkg.adb: -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_1/ -gnatmake -o hello_2 hello_2 -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -gnatq -gnatQ hello_pkg.adb -hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] -gnatmake: "hello_pkg.adb" compilation error -
This demonstrates that gnatmake finds the files needed by the main -program. However, it cannot find files in a different directory, -unless you use an Emacs Ada mode project file to specify the other directories; -See Set source search path, or a GNAT project file; Use GNAT project file. -
-Invoke ‘Ada | Show main’; this displays Ada mode main: hello_2. -
-Move to the error with C-x `, and fix the error by adding body:
-
package body Hello_Pkg is -
Now, while still in hello_pkg.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Build’.
-gnatmake successfully builds hello_2. This demonstrates that
-Emacs has remembered the main file, in the project variable
-main, and used it for the Build command.
-
Finally, again while in hello_pkg.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Run’.
-The *run* buffer displays Hello from hello_pkg.adb.
-
One final point. If you switch back to buffer hello.adb, and
-invoke ‘Ada | Run’, hello_2.exe will be run. That is
-because main is still set to hello_2, as you can
-see when you invoke ‘Ada | Project | Edit’.
-
There are three ways to change main:
-
main to
-the current file.
-
-main, and click ‘[save]’
-
-main
-
--Next: Set source search path, Previous: No project files, Up: Compiling Examples [Contents][Index]
-This example illustrates using an Emacs Ada mode project file to set a -compiler option. -
-If you have files from Example_1 open in Emacs, you should -close them so you don’t get confused. Use menu ‘File | Close -(current buffer)’. -
-In directory Example_2, create these files: -
-hello.adb: -
-with Ada.Text_IO;
-procedure Hello
-is begin
- Put_Line("Hello from hello.adb");
-end Hello;
-This is the same as hello.adb from Example_1. It has two
-errors; missing “use Ada.Text_IO;”, and no space between
-Put_Line and its argument list.
-
hello.adp: -
-comp_opt=-gnatyt -
This tells the GNAT compiler to check for token spacing; in -particular, there must be a space preceding a parenthesis. -
-In buffer hello.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Project | Load...’, and -select Example_2/hello.adp. -
-Then, again in buffer hello.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Set main and -Build’. You should get a *compilation* buffer containing -something like (the directory paths will be different): -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_2/ -gnatmake -o hello hello -g -cargs -gnatyt -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -gnatyt hello.adb -hello.adb:4:04: "Put_Line" is not visible -hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:264 -hello.adb:4:04: non-visible declaration at a-textio.ads:260 -hello.adb:4:12: (style) space required -gnatmake: "hello.adb" compilation error -
Compare this to the compiler output in No project files; the
-gnatmake option -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ has been replaced by
--cargs -gnaty, and an additional error is reported in
-hello.adb on line 4. This shows that hello.adp is being
-used to set the compiler options.
-
Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in No project files. -
--Next: Use GNAT project file, Previous: Set compiler options, Up: Compiling Examples [Contents][Index]
-In this example, we show how to deal with files in more than one -directory. We start with the same code as in No project files; -create those files (with the errors present) -
-Create the directory Example_3, containing: -
-hello_pkg.ads: -
-package Hello_Pkg is - procedure Say_Hello; -end Hello_Pkg; -
hello_pkg.adb: -
-with Ada.Text_IO;
-package Hello_Pkg is
- procedure Say_Hello
- is begin
- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb");
- end Say_Hello;
-end Hello_Pkg;
-These are the same files from example 1; hello_pkg.adb has an -error on line 2. -
-In addition, create a directory Example_3/Other, containing these files: -
-Other/hello_3.adb: -
-with Hello_Pkg;
-with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
-procedure Hello_3
-is begin
- Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello;
- Put_Line ("From hello_3");
-end Hello_3;
-There are no errors in this file. -
-Other/other.adp: -
-src_dir=.. -comp_opt=-I.. -
Note that there must be no trailing spaces. -
-In buffer hello_3.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Project | Load...’, and -select Example_3/Other/other.adp. -
-Then, again in hello_3.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Set main and -Build’. You should get a *compilation* buffer containing -something like (the directory paths will be different): -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_3/Other/ -gnatmake -o hello_3 hello_3 -g -cargs -I.. -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -I.. hello_3.adb -gcc -c -I./ -g -I.. -I- C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb -hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] -gnatmake: "C:\Examples\Example_3\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error -
Compare the -cargs option to the compiler output in Set compiler options; this shows that other.adp is being used to
-set the compiler options.
-
Move to the error with C-x `. Ada mode searches the list of
-directories given by src_dir for the file mentioned in the
-compiler error message.
-
Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in No project files. -
--Next: Use multiple GNAT project files, Previous: Set source search path, Up: Compiling Examples [Contents][Index]
-In this example, we show how to use a GNAT project file, with no Ada -mode project file. -
-Create the directory Example_4, containing: -
-hello_pkg.ads: -
-package Hello_Pkg is - procedure Say_Hello; -end Hello_Pkg; -
hello_pkg.adb: -
-with Ada.Text_IO;
-package Hello_Pkg is
- procedure Say_Hello
- is begin
- Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello from hello_pkg.adb");
- end Say_Hello;
-end Hello_Pkg;
-These are the same files from example 1; hello_pkg.adb has an -error on line 2. -
-In addition, create a directory Example_4/Gnat_Project, -containing these files: -
-Gnat_Project/hello_4.adb: -
-with Hello_Pkg;
-with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
-procedure Hello_4
-is begin
- Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello;
- Put_Line ("From hello_4");
-end Hello_4;
-There are no errors in this file. -
-Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr: -
-Project Hello_4 is
- for Source_Dirs use (".", "..");
-end Hello_4;
-In buffer hello_4.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Project | Load...’, and -select Example_4/Gnat_Project/hello_4.gpr. -
-Then, again in hello_4.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Set main and -Build’. You should get a *compilation* buffer containing -something like (the directory paths will be different): -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_4/Gnat_Project/ -gnatmake -o hello_4 hello_4 -Phello_4.gpr -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\Gnat_Project\hello_4.adb -gcc -c -g -gnatyt -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb -hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] -gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error -
Compare the gcc options to the compiler output in Set compiler options; this shows that hello_4.gpr is being used to
-set the compiler options.
-
Fixing the error, linking and running the code proceed as in No project files. -
--Previous: Use GNAT project file, Up: Compiling Examples [Contents][Index]
-In this example, we show how to use multiple GNAT project files, -specifying the GNAT project search path in an Ada mode project file. -
-Create the directory Example_4 as specified in Use GNAT project file. -
-Create the directory Example_5, containing: -
-hello_5.adb: -
-with Hello_Pkg;
-with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
-procedure Hello_5
-is begin
- Hello_Pkg.Say_Hello;
- Put_Line ("From hello_5");
-end Hello_5;
-There are no errors in this file. -
-hello_5.adp: -
-ada_project_path=../Example_4/Gnat_Project -gpr_file=hello_5.gpr -
hello_5.gpr: -
-with "hello_4";
-Project Hello_5 is
- for Source_Dirs use (".");
- package Compiler is
- for Default_Switches ("Ada") use ("-g", "-gnatyt");
- end Compiler;
-end Hello_5;
-In buffer hello_5.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Project | Load...’, and -select Example_5/hello_5.adp. -
-Then, again in hello_5.adb, invoke ‘Ada | Set main and -Build’. You should get a *compilation* buffer containing -something like (the directory paths will be different): -
-cd c:/Examples/Example_5/ -gnatmake -o hello_5 hello_5 -Phello_5.gpr -g -cargs -gnatq -gnatQ -bargs -largs -gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_5\hello_5.adb -gcc -c -g -gnatyt -g -gnatq -gnatQ -I- -gnatA c:\Examples\Example_4\hello_pkg.adb -hello_pkg.adb:2:08: keyword "body" expected here [see file name] -gnatmake: "c:\examples\example_4\hello_pkg.adb" compilation error -
Now type C-x `. Example_4/hello_pkg.adb is shown, -demonstrating that hello_5.gpr and hello_4.gpr are being -used to set the compilation search path. -
--Next: Identifier completion, Previous: Compiling Examples, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-There are several easy to use commands to navigate through Ada code. All -these functions are available through the Ada menu, and you can also -use the following key bindings or the command names. Some of these -menu entries are available only if the GNAT compiler is used, since -the implementation relies on the GNAT cross-referencing information. -
-Move to the next function/procedure/task, which ever comes next
-(ada-next-procedure).
-
Move to previous function/procedure/task
-(ada-previous-procedure).
-
Move to next package. -
Move to previous package. -
Move to matching start of end (ada-move-to-start). If
-point is at the end of a subprogram, this command jumps to the
-corresponding begin if the user option
-ada-move-to-declaration is nil (default), otherwise it jumps to
-the subprogram declaration.
-
Move point to end of current block (ada-move-to-end).
-
Switch between corresponding spec and body file
-(ff-find-other-file). If point is in a subprogram, position
-point on the corresponding declaration or body in the other file.
-
Move from any reference to its declaration, for from a declaration to -its body (for procedures, tasks, private and incomplete types). -
Runs the gnatfind command to search for all references to the
-identifier surrounding point (ada-find-references). Use
-C-x ` (next-error) to visit each reference (as for
-compilation errors).
-
If the ada-xref-create-ali variable is non-nil, Emacs
-will try to run GNAT for you whenever cross-reference information is
-needed, and is older than the current source file.
-
-Next: Automatic Smart Indentation, Previous: Moving Through Ada Code, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Emacs and Ada mode provide two general ways for the completion of -identifiers. This is an easy way to type faster: you just have to type -the first few letters of an identifiers, and then loop through all the -possible completions. -
-The first method is general for Emacs. It works by parsing all open -files for possible completions. -
-For instance, if the words ‘my_identifier’, ‘my_subprogram’ -are the only words starting with ‘my’ in any of the opened files, -then you will have this scenario: -
-You type: myM-/ -Emacs inserts: ‘my_identifier’ -If you press M-/ once again, Emacs replaces ‘my_identifier’ with -‘my_subprogram’. -Pressing M-/ once more will bring you back to ‘my_identifier’. -
This is a very fast way to do completion, and the casing of words will -also be respected. -
-The second method (C-TAB) is specific to Ada mode and the GNAT -compiler. Emacs will search the cross-information for possible -completions. -
-The main advantage is that this completion is more accurate: only -existing identifier will be suggested. -
-On the other hand, this completion is a little bit slower and requires -that you have compiled your file at least once since you created that -identifier. -
-Complete current identifier using cross-reference information. -
Complete identifier using buffer information (not Ada-specific). -
-Next: Formatting Parameter Lists, Previous: Identifier completion, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Ada mode comes with a full set of rules for automatic indentation. You -can also configure the indentation, via the following variables: -
-ada-broken-indent (default value: 2)Number of columns to indent the continuation of a broken line. -
-ada-indent (default value: 3)Number of columns for default indentation. -
-ada-indent-record-rel-type (default value: 3)Indentation for record relative to type or use.
-
ada-indent-return (default value: 0)Indentation for return relative to function (if
-ada-indent-return is greater than 0), or the open parenthesis
-(if ada-indent-return is negative or 0). Note that in the second
-case, when there is no open parenthesis, the indentation is done
-relative to function with the value of ada-broken-indent.
-
ada-label-indent (default value: -4)Number of columns to indent a label. -
-ada-stmt-end-indent (default value: 0)Number of columns to indent a statement end keyword on a separate line.
-
ada-when-indent (default value: 3)Indentation for when relative to exception or case.
-
ada-indent-is-separate (default value: t)Non-nil means indent is separate or is abstract if on a single line.
-
ada-indent-to-open-paren (default value: t)Non-nil means indent according to the innermost open parenthesis.
-
ada-indent-after-return (default value: t)Non-nil means that the current line will also be re-indented
-before inserting a newline, when you press RET.
-
Most of the time, the indentation will be automatic, i.e., when you -press RET, the cursor will move to the correct column on the -next line. -
-You can also indent single lines, or the current region, with TAB. -
-Another mode of indentation exists that helps you to set up your -indentation scheme. If you press C-c TAB, Ada mode will do -the following: -
-The exact indentation of the current line is the same as the one for the -reference line, plus an offset given by the variable. -
-Indent the current line or the current region. -
Indent lines in the current region. -
Indent the current line and display the name of the variable used for -indentation. -
-Next: Automatic Casing, Previous: Automatic Smart Indentation, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Format the parameter list (ada-format-paramlist).
-
This aligns the declarations on the colon (‘:’) separating
-argument names and argument types, and aligns the in,
-out and in out keywords.
-
-Next: Statement Templates, Previous: Formatting Parameter Lists, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Casing of identifiers, attributes and keywords is automatically
-performed while typing when the variable ada-auto-case is set.
-Every time you press a word separator, the previous word is
-automatically cased.
-
You can customize the automatic casing differently for keywords,
-attributes and identifiers. The relevant variables are the following:
-ada-case-keyword, ada-case-attribute and
-ada-case-identifier.
-
All these variables can have one of the following values: -
-downcase-wordThe word will be lowercase. For instance My_vARIable is
-converted to my_variable.
-
upcase-wordThe word will be uppercase. For instance My_vARIable is
-converted to MY_VARIABLE.
-
ada-capitalize-wordThe first letter and each letter following an underscore (‘_’)
-are uppercase, others are lowercase. For instance My_vARIable
-is converted to My_Variable.
-
ada-loose-case-wordCharacters after an underscore ‘_’ character are uppercase,
-others are not modified. For instance My_vARIable is converted
-to My_VARIable.
-
Ada mode allows you to define exceptions to these rules, in a file
-specified by the variable ada-case-exception-file
-(default ~/.emacs_case_exceptions). Each line in this file
-specifies the casing of one word or word fragment. Comments may be
-included, separated from the word by a space.
-
If the word starts with an asterisk (‘*’), it defines the casing -as a word fragment (or “substring”); part of a word between two -underscores or word boundary. -
-For example: -
-DOD Department of Defense -*IO -GNAT The GNAT compiler from Ada Core Technologies -
The word fragment *IO applies to any word containing “_io”;
-Text_IO, Hardware_IO, etc.
-
There are two ways to add new items to this file: you can simply edit
-it as you would edit any text file. Or you can position point on the
-word you want to add, and select menu ‘Ada | Edit | Create Case
-Exception’, or press C-c C-y (ada-create-case-exception).
-The word will automatically be added to the current list of exceptions
-and to the file.
-
To define a word fragment case exception, select the word fragment, -then select menu ‘Ada | Edit | Create Case Exception Substring’. -
-It is sometimes useful to have multiple exception files around (for
-instance, one could be the standard Ada acronyms, the second some
-company specific exceptions, and the last one some project specific
-exceptions). If you set up the variable ada-case-exception-file
-as a list of files, each of them will be parsed and used in your emacs
-session. However, when you save a new exception through the menu, as
-described above, the new exception will be added to the first file in
-the list.
-
Adjust case in the whole buffer (ada-adjust-case-buffer).
-
Create a new entry in the exception dictionary, with the word under
-the cursor (ada-create-case-exception)
-
Rereads the exception dictionary from the file
-ada-case-exception-file (ada-case-read-exceptions).
-
-Next: Comment Handling, Previous: Automatic Casing, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Templates are defined for most Ada statements, using the Emacs -“skeleton” package. They can be inserted in the buffer using the -following commands: -
-exception Block (ada-exception-block).
-
case (ada-case).
-
declare Block (ada-declare-block).
-
else (ada-else).
-
for Loop (ada-for-loop).
-
Header (ada-header).
-
if (ada-if).
-
package Body (ada-package-body).
-
loop (ada-loop).
-
subprogram body (ada-subprogram-body).
-
task Body (ada-task-body).
-
while Loop (ada-while).
-
use (ada-use).
-
exit (ada-exit).
-
array (ada-array).
-
elsif (ada-elsif).
-
function Spec (ada-function-spec).
-
package Spec (ada-package-spec).
-
procedure Spec (ada-package-spec.
-
record (ada-record).
-
subtype (ada-subtype).
-
task Spec (ada-task-spec).
-
with (ada-with).
-
private (ada-private).
-
when (ada-when).
-
exception (ada-exception).
-
type (ada-type).
-
-Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Previous: Statement Templates, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-By default, comment lines get indented like Ada code. There are a few -additional functions to handle comments: -
-Start a comment in default column. -
Continue comment on next line. -
Comment the selected region (add ‘--’ at the beginning of lines). -
Uncomment the selected region -
autofill the current comment. -
-Next: Index, Previous: Comment Handling, Up: Ada Mode [Contents][Index]
-Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -https://fsf.org/ - -Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies -of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. -
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